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However, a minimum of 0.10 wt% Cu is required in order to significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the steel 22. Several studies 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 found that Cu can enhance the stability of the rust layer when used together with Cr, thus improving the corrosion resistance of weathering steel. 16 on the atmospheric corrosion behavior of weathering steel in the tropical marine environment found that the weathering resistance of weathering steel is related to the deposition of chloride ions and the enrichment of Cr in the rust layer and that the latter can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of weathering steels in environments with low chloride ion deposition. Several studies have focused on the effect of alloying elements on the corrosion resistance. The recent researches have suggested that addition of Cr, Cu, or P alloying elements can significantly improve the rust layer structure stability of the weathering steel, thereby improving its applicability in severe industrial and marine environments 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. By adding certain amounts of corrosion-resistant elements, a dense rust layer is formed on the steel surface, which can impede further corrosion process of the substrate to achieve improvement of the steel corrosion resistance 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. One of the typical examples is weathering steel. In recent years, a method to improve the corrosion resistance of materials is to form a dense and stable rust layer. It is well known that the corrosion resistance of materials can be improved by adding corrosion-resistant alloying elements 1, 2, 3.
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